Common problems and solutions for CNC maintenance
The handwheel is malfunctioning. This may be due to poor contact in the handwheel shaft selector switch or magnification selector switch, damage to the handwheel pulse generator, or a broken handwheel connecting wire.
Release Time:
2023-08-29
Common problems and solutions in CNC maintenance can be summarized as follows:
### 1. Mechanical Failures
1. **Handwheel Malfunction**
* **Problem Description**: The handwheel is malfunctioning. This could be due to poor contact in the handwheel axis selector switch, magnification selector switch, damage to the handwheel pulse generator, or a broken handwheel connection cable.
* **Solution**: Enter the system diagnosis to observe the status of each switch contact and check if the connection cable is intact. If damaged, replace the corresponding switch or connection cable. For the pulse generator, remove it to measure the power supply and resistance. Replace it if damaged.
2. **XYZ Axis and Main Spindle Housing Failures**
* **Problem Description**: This may include deformation or damage to the YZ axis protective cover, damage to the transmission bearings, or mismatch between servo parameters and mechanical characteristics.
* **Solution**: Replace the damaged protective cover and bearings, and adjust the servo parameters to match the mechanical characteristics. For other mechanical problems, such as connection deformation or loose guide rails, correction, lubrication, or replacement of relevant parts is required.
3. **Guide Rail Oil Pump/Cutting Oil Pump Failures**
* **Problem Description**: Insufficient guide rail oil level, damaged oil pressure valve, or damage to the machine tool oil circuit.
* **Solution**: Inject guide rail oil, check the oil pressure valve pressure, and replace damaged parts. Check if the oil circuit of each machine tool axis is unobstructed, and replace the damaged oil drain. For problems such as clogged oil pump filter screens, clean or replace the filter screen.
### 2. Electrical Failures
1. **System Alarm (Overload/Overheat)**
* **Problem Description**: The system issues an overload or overheat alarm.
* **Solution**: Check for mechanical jamming, and clean the heat dissipation device. Adjust cutting parameters to reduce load and heat generation. If the problem persists, check electrical components such as the drive module and power supply voltage.
2. **Driver Phase Light Normal, Workpiece Size Varies**
* **Problem Description**: The driver phase light is normal, but the size of the processed workpiece varies.
* **Solution**: Check the wear of the slide, screw, and bearings, adjust the screw clearance, and replace worn parts. Check the repeat positioning accuracy of the tool holder and adjust or replace the tool holder. If the problem is caused by the spindle, the spindle needs to be repaired and the bearings replaced.
3. **Serial Interface Failure**
* **Problem Description**: Serial communication failure occurs when inputting parameters or programs to the machine tool.
* **Solution**: Check if the parameters related to serial communication are correctly set. Check the interfaces at both ends of the serial communication cable and the serial communication parameters of the system and external devices. If the problem persists, replace the damaged I/O device or serial communication cable.
### 3. System Failures
1. **CNC Parameters Tampered With**
* **Problem Description**: CNC parameters have been accidentally changed, causing the machine tool to malfunction.
* **Solution**: Verify if the CNC parameters have been tampered with, and locate the fault source according to the alarm code manual. If the parameters have been changed, reset the correct parameters and save them.
2. **Software Failure**
* **Problem Description**: Software problems, such as abnormal interpolation algorithm parameters, cause the machine tool to run unstably.
* **Solution**: Update or fix software failures and reload the correct software version. If the problem persists, contact the software vendor for technical support.
### 4. Other Auxiliary System Failures
1. **Abnormal Hydraulic System Pressure**
* **Problem Description**: The hydraulic system pressure is unstable or insufficient.
* **Solution**: Clean the filter to remove impurities, check the oil pump seal performance, and replenish hydraulic oil to the standard level. If the problem persists, replace the damaged hydraulic components.
2. **Coolant Concentration Problem**
* **Problem Description**: The coolant concentration is too high or too low, affecting processing quality and machine tool life.
* **Solution**: Regularly check the coolant concentration and adjust as needed. Ensure that the coolant circulation is smooth and replace it with new coolant regularly.
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The difference between ordinary lathes and CNC lathes
The feed system of an ordinary lathe includes a feed box and an apron, and it uses the lead screw and feed rod for workpiece surface turning; CNC lathes have CNC systems, feed systems, and hydraulic systems, etc., and the processing of workpiece surface threads is carried out in machining centers. The latter is more conducive to production management.
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No. 217, Plant 1, Dawang Road, Menlou Street, Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province
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